Introduction of HTML

Introduction of HTML
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
  • HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
  • HTML describes the structure of a Web page, consists of a series of elements, and elements tell the browser how to display the content.
  • HTML is a markup language which is used for creating attractive web pages with the help of styling, and which looks in a nice format on a web browser.
  • An HTML document is made of many HTML tags and each HTML tag contains different content.
Simple Example of HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example | title of HTML page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is Heading tag</h1>
<p>This is paragraph tag</p>
</body>
</html>

Output:

img
Explain HTML tag in Simple Example of HTML
  • The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document.
  • The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page.
  • The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page.
  • The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page.
  • The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
  • The <h1> element defines a large heading.
  • The <p> element defines a paragraph.
HTML Element

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.

<tagname>Content...</tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag.

Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none

Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!

Web Browsers
  • The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them correctly.
  • A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document
img
HTML Page Structure
  • visualization of an HTML page structure
img

Note: Only the content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a browser.

HTML History
  • Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML.
Year Version
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993 Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995 HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997 HTML 3.2
1999 HTML 4.01
2000 XHTML 1.0
2008 WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012 WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014 HTML5
2016 HTML 5.1
2017 HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017 HTML5.2

Note: In this tutorial follows the latest HTML 5 standard.

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